Journal of the stylistic of Persian poem and prose
volume Number 18، number In Volume 2، May 2025 ، issue Number 108

Jamshid and Prometheus; Analyzing the myth of Jamshid in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh and the myth of Prometheus from Hesiod by analyzing Fairclough's critical discourse

Shakiba Malekshahi , Hossein Bayat (Author in Charge), Nasergholi Sarli

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Norman Fairclough"s critical discourse analysis is a new approach in discourse analysis studies that has attracted the attention of many humanities researchers, especially in literary studies, in recent decades. The literature of nations can be well analyzed and interpreted in the framework of linguistic criticism and critical discourse. The legend of Jamshid in the Shahnameh and the story of Prometheus in Greek mythology are among the two mythological stories that, with many common themes, show the dominant discourse of the battle of good and evil, moving away from the Yazidi sphere and trying to balance power. The main goal of the upcoming essay is to analyze and investigate the myth of Jamshid in the Shahnameh and the myth of Prometheus from Hesiod"s system based on Fairclough"s critical discourse analysis approach.

METHODOLOGY: The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical based on library studies and using linguistic criticism with Fairclough"s critical discourse analysis approach in order to examine two mythological stories of Jamshid from the Shahnameh and the myth of Prometheus from Hesiod.

FINDINGS: The findings of the research indicate that at the level of describing factors of lexical cohesion (repetition), contrast and synonymy, proportionality and grammatical coherence have been considered in both stories. At the level of interpretation based on the principle of intertextuality, both stories have common roots and bases of meaning, and at the level of explanation, the story of Jamshid and Prometheus is a reflection of the social structure of the mythological and ancient era.

CONCLUSION: At the level of description, lexical cohesion is in the form of repetition of nouns and pronouns, which, in terms of ideology, emphasizes and relies on the situational context of Jamshid and Prometheus. The semantic proportions in both stories serve to emphasize the nature and character of the two, and the words that convey power, warfare, war tools, opposition between good and evil, and goodness and evil have been given more attention. In the field of interpretation and explanation, both stories have a lot in common, including Jamshid and Prometheus" imprisonment and the anger of Zahak and Zeus. Deletion and replacement, semantic contrast, the chain of the same class and reference all in both stories are in line with the ideology of Jamshid"s power and Prometheus" rebellion against Zeus. Also, the conceptual and intertextual similarities between the two stories at the level of explanation and the battle between good and evil at the level of interpretation in both stories, which are the result of the social action of the mythological era man, are important.

Keyword
Prometheus. The legend of Jamshid. Fairclough. Shahnameh. He

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